Two important grounds for ending a FERS disability annuity before age 60 are medical recovery and restored earning capacity. Federal reemployment can also affect entitlement and payment. They involve different evidence, different processes, and different responses. Annuitants regularly conflate them, which leads to answering a question nobody asked.
Ground one: medical recovery
This concerns your condition. If medical evidence establishes that you have recovered from the disabling condition, the basis for the annuity no longer exists.
OPM may periodically request updated medical information from annuitants under 60 to assess continuing disability. Receiving such a request is a procedural step, not a verdict, and it is answered with medical documentation from your treating providers.
What this review is actually asking is whether the condition that prevented you from performing your former position still does. That is a clinical question, and it is answered clinically.
Ground two: restored earning capacity
This concerns your income and is separate from a medical finding. It is a calculation: earned income against 80% of the current rate of basic pay for your former position, for annuitants under 60.
You can be genuinely, permanently, medically disabled and still be found restored to earning capacity, because the test does not ask about your health. It asks about your earnings.
The income threshold is reached at 80% or more if you are under age 60 on December 31; termination is June 30 following that earnings year. Medical recovery based on documentation normally ends the annuity on the first day of the month beginning one year after the evidence showing recovery, with federal-reemployment exceptions.
After age 60, OPM may medically reevaluate a disability annuitant only at the annuitant's request. Reemployment before 60 in a qualifying permanent position at the same or higher grade/pay and sufficient work schedule can establish recovery without medical evidence.
Why the confusion causes harm
Consider an annuitant who receives a request regarding earnings and responds with a letter from their neurologist explaining that their condition has not improved. The letter is true, sincere, and entirely beside the point. It answers the medical question when the earnings question was asked.
The reverse happens too. Annuitants respond to a medical review with financial records demonstrating modest income, which does not address whether the condition persists.
Reading correspondence carefully enough to identify which question is being asked is not a small skill. It determines whether your response is useful.
How they interact in real life
These two rules pull in opposite directions for someone trying to rebuild a working life.
Working more increases exposure to the earnings rule. It can also, depending on circumstances, become part of a record that gets read in connection with capacity. Meanwhile, working less protects against both but may not be financially sustainable or personally desirable.
There is no universal correct answer. There is only a specific answer for a specific person with a specific condition, a specific former position, and specific goals. That is precisely why generic advice on this topic is so often useless.
Practical guidance
- Keep treating. Continuity of care matters for reasons well beyond documentation, but the documentation matters too.
- Keep records of both kinds. Medical continuity on one side, earnings on the other.
- Respond to what was asked. Read correspondence for which rule it concerns before drafting anything.
- Do not assume the two are linked. They are separate rules with separate tests, and they can reach different conclusions about the same person.
General education only. All determinations regarding disability status and earning capacity are made solely by OPM.
Keep reading
- OPM Medical Call-Up Reviews for Annuitants
- Restored to Earning Capacity: What Happens Next
- The OPM Annual Earnings Report